"An Expert Discusses the Pros and Cons of Teacher Evaluation." Charlotte Danielson, An Expert On Teachers Evaluation, Discusses The Merits Of The Process. N.p., 13 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.
This article presented two sides analyzing the Charlotte Danielson method for evaluating teachers. Each side, positive and negative, was displayed with heavy supporting evidence to back it up. Through the article it can be seen that if the framework was followed perfectly with every attention to detail it would be flawless, however in reality it is much too complicated for most schools.
"Developing Effective Teacher Evaluation Systems: A Conversation with Charlotte Danielson." U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Education, n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.ed.gov/Teacher-Evaluation-Systems>.
This article is a transcript of an interview between a representative from the US department of education and Charlotte Danielson herself. The interview expresses Danielson's opinions on assessing teachers and why she believes they are so important. She stresses that the assessment of teachers is a very complex process and involves many stages and people. She states that the quality of teachers is the most important factor to learning and her way of assessing teachers ensures that. She also explains how low performing schools can improve their standards.
Diaz, Heber. “Should Students Help to Assess Teacher Performance.” Students First, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article talked about an experiment in which students were to assess their teachers using surveys. It talks about the pros and cons of using students to assess their teachers. By having students survey their teachers it allowed them to draw conclusions about how they are doing in the classroom and where they need to make improvements. There were solutions given to the problem of students using strictly personal opinions of a teacher when assessing them, such as comment boxes or questions directed at the learning environment in general. This study found that the majority of the students answered the surveys very similar, which shows how reliable and useful such assessments can be.
Ding, Cody. “Teaching Effectiveness and Student Achievement:Examining the Relationship.” Educational Research Quarterly. University of Missouri, June 2006. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article directly describes the relationship between the effectiveness of teachers and the achievements of their students measured by test scores. The study showed that there is in fact a direct correlation between teacher quality and preparation and the student achievement measured by test scores. There are many researchers and school funding corporations that believe that student test scores are a direct indication of the quality of teachers. It also explains how teacher experience is not the number one quality that makes a teacher adequate but that there are also many instances where young, inexperienced teachers have yielded the best test scores from their students. Data collected in this study showed that the teacher is the most important factor in influencing student achievement and test scores. This data also suggests that if a teacher is inadequate the test scores of their students dramatically decreases.
"Educator Evaluation Information." Robert Treat Academy Charter School. Web School Pro, 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.roberttreatacademy.org/page163.html>.
The faculty at Robert Treat Academy Charter Schools has put together a web page explaining the process they go through of evaluating teachers. Their evaluations include collecting data that represents a teacher’s performance within the classroom. Their observations are based on the skills of the teacher to foster growth within their students as it applies to the district curriculum. The assessments are meant to not only measure a teacher’s capability as a teacher but to further increase their knowledge in their field. They also explain the process of evaluating administrators, such as principals and vice principals to also allow them a chance to improve on their abilities as a leader in the school.
Farreras, Ingrid and Boyle, Robert. “The Effect of Faculty Self-Promotion on Student Evaluations of Teaching.” College Student Journal, Jun. 2012. Web. 13 October 2012.
This article dealt with a study that looked at how faculty self- promotion affects the students’ evaluations of their teachers. The students were to read a bibliography introduction of the teachers followed by a transcript of a lecture and then draw conclusions to assess the teachers from that. This study was aimed to look at how the way teachers present themselves affects student perceptions and assessments. The results were then compared to see how students rated the amount of self-promotion and then their evaluations of the teachers. This was a very interesting article because even though it was experimental it shows how certain factors can come into play when students fill out surveys and assessments on their teachers.
"Guidelines for Evaluating Teaching." Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. University of Michigan, 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/guidelines>.
The Center for Research on Learning and Teaching has put together an overview on what the evaluation of teacher is and how it can be administered. It outlines different principles of teacher evaluation including the different methods, the responsibilities that each role has, and what needs to be assessed during an evaluation. It also suggests ways in which data can be collected regarding evaluating the teacher based on techniques used within the classroom, opinions of past and present students, reviews by peer teachers, and self-review. It describes in depth the benefits of each type of assessment method and how a teacher can grow and learn from the methods discussed.
Johnson, Ben. “Should Students Evaluate Their Teachers.” Edutopia, 9 May 2012. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article was written by a teacher who used student assessments to see how he was doing in the classroom. It was very useful to get a first hand opinion from someone who uses student assessments. The author talks about how some of the things that he read in the assessments may have been a little harsh but he used these to improve his teaching in order to benefit the classroom. This article shows the benefits that can be provided through such assessments, as well as talking about a survey that showed the difference between what students expect out of their teachers versus what they get from the experience.
Karp, Stan. "Taking Teacher Quality Seriously." N.p., Summer 2012. Web. 8 Sept. 2012. <http://www.mceanea.org/pdf/TQ.pdf>.
This article was written to explain the approach of the Montgomery County School system to teacher evaluation. Karp explains the different standards that the teachers are held to and provided a useful explanation as to the process of teacher development. He also reviews the reasons why standardized test scores of the students should not be the only data that teacher evaluations are based off of. There is much more to a teacher's abilities than how his/her students perform on a test. It was a useful article to seeing the reasoning behind certain approaches in their school system.
Kwan, Kam-Por. "How Fair are Student Ratings in Assessing the Teaching Performance of University Teachers?." Assessment and Evaluation In Higher Education. July 2006. Web. 25 October 2012.
This article examines the correlation between student ratings and the assessment of teachers. It shows how student ratings can be used to assess teachers but also states that they should not be used as the sole benefactor tool for assessing teachers. The ratings of students can vary for many different reasons and the teachers are not the one direct link that relate to the ratings or test scores of students. There are many other variables that can attribute to students ratings and tests scores, such as class sizes, course levels, type of courses, environmental factors, and disciplinary problems. The research in this article showed that there is a slight correlation between teacher effectiveness and student ratings.
Leigh, Andrew. “Estimating Teacher Effectiveness From Two-Year Changes in Students’ Test Scores”. Economics of Education Review. Australian National University, June 2010. Web. 16 October 2012.
This peer-reviewed article took a data set that covered over 10,000 schoolteachers and 90,000 pupils and used the test scores of students to see whether or not different teaching tactics would be able to raise the students test scores. The test scores of the students did show that where students had higher test scores were with teachers that were deemed more experienced and more enthusiastic in teaching their students. It also explains the difficulty in assuming that students test scores directly reflect on their teachers’ abilities because variance in children’s test scores is determined by many factors and not just teacher ability. The background of many students, including their lives at home, often times alter their test scores dramatically. It is not accurate to completely base the level of teacher productivity off of the test scores of their students.
Mirus, Rolf. “Some Implications of Student Evaluations of Teachers.” Journal of Economic Education, autumn 1973. Web. 13 October 2012.
This peer reviewed article looks at four different aspects of students evaluating their teachers and draws some valuable conclusions on the matter. It shines light on the not so positive aspects or unwanted influences that can come into play when students are assessing their teachers. This article was useful because it concluded some interesting points using a model. It found that there is a strong relationship between the grade students expected to get and their assessment of that teacher. It also showed that odd hour courses, required courses, and level of courses did not have an effect on the rating of a teacher. Lastly, the article looks at whether the type of material taught can affect a teachers’ evaluation, and this is all done using a statistical model.
Olwell, Russell. “Bad Tests, Good Outcomes: Help Students Meet Their Professional Goals.” History Teacher. Eastern Michigan University, Nov 2008. Web. 1 October 2012.
This peer reviewed article talks about how students test scores can tell a lot both about the students and the teachers. If a student has a bad test score that does not automatically mean that he or she has an inadequate teacher. There are many reasons students can score poorly on tests and it is not accurate to solely use the test scores of students to assess teachers’ levels of professionalism. Some students just have a very hard time in test-taking situations, regardless of who their teacher is. This article also mentions some ways that teachers can use test scores to better help their students. Teachers can view test scores as tools to see which students are struggling or which students may think in a different manner. Test scores can help both the teachers and students understand where they need to improve.
Rockoff, Jonah E. “The Impact of Individual Teachers on Student Achievement: Evidence From Panel Data”. American Economic Review. Harvard University, May 2004. Web. 17 October 2012.
This article suggests that teacher quality is directly related to the test scores of students and that increased teacher quality could lead to increased test scores of student. Test scores are widely recognized as important indicators of achievement for not only students, but for educators, policy makers, and the public. It is also not fair to assume that students test scores are the only indication of the quality of teachers because in different schools and different circumstances teachers are faced with different struggles which may not allow them to spend as much quality time with each student, which could in turn affect their test scores, although it is not the teacher’s fault. This article also correlates the teacher’s experience to the test scores of students. Generally, more experienced teachers produce an output of higher test scores. In the conclusion it does also touch on the fact that test scores do not capture all facts of student and teacher learning.
Role of Teacher Evaluation in Reforming Public Schools. Dir. AspenInstitute. YouTube. YouTube, 11 Sept. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JUrYwcd68E>.
The video discusses deeply the purpose for teacher assessment. It reveals to those who are uneducated on this subject, the reasoning behind having meaningful evaluation of teachers throughout the year. The Aspen Institute has studied ways in which these methods can have a vital impact on teachers improving upon their instructional methods. The main speaker reiterates the need for professional development following the evaluation of teachers because there is always room for improvement. There is a need for these meetings and classes in that they can greatly effect the education that the students are getting and also the overall educational health of the school and district.
Sawa, Rick. "Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices." Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices. SSTA Research Centre Report, 1995. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://saskschoolboards.ca/research/instruction/95-04.htm>.
The author describes the nature, purpose, and development process of teacher assessment. The review pulls from multiple resources and studies to prove the need for assessment. He also develops an argument for the ways in which teacher assessment is lacking. He proposes problems in which need to be fixed in order to achieve the progress we want in to see in teachers and schools as a whole. He poses suggestions for the future of teacher evaluation and how it can be improved through analysis and research of the present methods.
"Teacher Evaluation." Montgomery County Education Association. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012.
The author describes the approach that the Montgomery County Education Association has to evaluating teachers. The website gives information about the evaluation process and the main points that the principals look for. It also describes the way in which the school district supports the teachers who are performing below the standard that needs to be met. It was useful to use this as a specific example of how a school district assesses their teachers and how they develop them the longer they stay in the school district.
"The Danielson Group." Charlotte Danielson. The Danielson Group, 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.danielsongroup.org/article.aspx?page=charlotte>.
This website provided a lot of background information over Charlotte Danielson, her accomplishments, her framework, and the group she has created to improve the quality of teachers world wide. Through this webpage I gathered information about the framework that she designed that is changing the global face of the education system. The mission statement of the group is clearly outlined and the services they provide are highlighted. this website is a good representation over how her meticulously designed framework is being implemented in society today and how it is changing the educational system.
"The Danielson Collection." The Charlotte Danielson Collection for Enhancing
Professional Practice -. Learning Sciences International, 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.iobservation.com/danielson-collection/>.
This article gives a lot of background information about the basis for Charlotte Danielson's framework. An informational video is provided that lists Charlotte's previous careers and her accomplishments as an educator that make her so qualified to fill her position as a director of education for state schools and some schools internationally. this article and the website lay out the foundation behind her framework and is a clear understanding of exactly what it does.
U.S. Must Standardize Teacher Evaluation Systems. Dir. BrookingsInstitution. YouTube. YouTube, 26 Apr. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p5YpIDLOYM>.
The video first discusses the harm that bad teachers can have on students within their classroom. It also highlights the impact that meaningful evaluations can have on both teachers’ quality of instruction and the results it has on their student’s growth throughout the year. It also covers the problem that has been in the education system for a number of years now, which is how, can we try to compare all of these teacher evaluations from all over the country when each district uses a different evaluation method. It then discusses the struggle to reward good teachers when the methods they are using are not reliable enough to use as comparisons.
This article presented two sides analyzing the Charlotte Danielson method for evaluating teachers. Each side, positive and negative, was displayed with heavy supporting evidence to back it up. Through the article it can be seen that if the framework was followed perfectly with every attention to detail it would be flawless, however in reality it is much too complicated for most schools.
"Developing Effective Teacher Evaluation Systems: A Conversation with Charlotte Danielson." U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Education, n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.ed.gov/Teacher-Evaluation-Systems>.
This article is a transcript of an interview between a representative from the US department of education and Charlotte Danielson herself. The interview expresses Danielson's opinions on assessing teachers and why she believes they are so important. She stresses that the assessment of teachers is a very complex process and involves many stages and people. She states that the quality of teachers is the most important factor to learning and her way of assessing teachers ensures that. She also explains how low performing schools can improve their standards.
Diaz, Heber. “Should Students Help to Assess Teacher Performance.” Students First, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article talked about an experiment in which students were to assess their teachers using surveys. It talks about the pros and cons of using students to assess their teachers. By having students survey their teachers it allowed them to draw conclusions about how they are doing in the classroom and where they need to make improvements. There were solutions given to the problem of students using strictly personal opinions of a teacher when assessing them, such as comment boxes or questions directed at the learning environment in general. This study found that the majority of the students answered the surveys very similar, which shows how reliable and useful such assessments can be.
Ding, Cody. “Teaching Effectiveness and Student Achievement:Examining the Relationship.” Educational Research Quarterly. University of Missouri, June 2006. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article directly describes the relationship between the effectiveness of teachers and the achievements of their students measured by test scores. The study showed that there is in fact a direct correlation between teacher quality and preparation and the student achievement measured by test scores. There are many researchers and school funding corporations that believe that student test scores are a direct indication of the quality of teachers. It also explains how teacher experience is not the number one quality that makes a teacher adequate but that there are also many instances where young, inexperienced teachers have yielded the best test scores from their students. Data collected in this study showed that the teacher is the most important factor in influencing student achievement and test scores. This data also suggests that if a teacher is inadequate the test scores of their students dramatically decreases.
"Educator Evaluation Information." Robert Treat Academy Charter School. Web School Pro, 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.roberttreatacademy.org/page163.html>.
The faculty at Robert Treat Academy Charter Schools has put together a web page explaining the process they go through of evaluating teachers. Their evaluations include collecting data that represents a teacher’s performance within the classroom. Their observations are based on the skills of the teacher to foster growth within their students as it applies to the district curriculum. The assessments are meant to not only measure a teacher’s capability as a teacher but to further increase their knowledge in their field. They also explain the process of evaluating administrators, such as principals and vice principals to also allow them a chance to improve on their abilities as a leader in the school.
Farreras, Ingrid and Boyle, Robert. “The Effect of Faculty Self-Promotion on Student Evaluations of Teaching.” College Student Journal, Jun. 2012. Web. 13 October 2012.
This article dealt with a study that looked at how faculty self- promotion affects the students’ evaluations of their teachers. The students were to read a bibliography introduction of the teachers followed by a transcript of a lecture and then draw conclusions to assess the teachers from that. This study was aimed to look at how the way teachers present themselves affects student perceptions and assessments. The results were then compared to see how students rated the amount of self-promotion and then their evaluations of the teachers. This was a very interesting article because even though it was experimental it shows how certain factors can come into play when students fill out surveys and assessments on their teachers.
"Guidelines for Evaluating Teaching." Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. University of Michigan, 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/guidelines>.
The Center for Research on Learning and Teaching has put together an overview on what the evaluation of teacher is and how it can be administered. It outlines different principles of teacher evaluation including the different methods, the responsibilities that each role has, and what needs to be assessed during an evaluation. It also suggests ways in which data can be collected regarding evaluating the teacher based on techniques used within the classroom, opinions of past and present students, reviews by peer teachers, and self-review. It describes in depth the benefits of each type of assessment method and how a teacher can grow and learn from the methods discussed.
Johnson, Ben. “Should Students Evaluate Their Teachers.” Edutopia, 9 May 2012. Web. 16 October 2012.
This article was written by a teacher who used student assessments to see how he was doing in the classroom. It was very useful to get a first hand opinion from someone who uses student assessments. The author talks about how some of the things that he read in the assessments may have been a little harsh but he used these to improve his teaching in order to benefit the classroom. This article shows the benefits that can be provided through such assessments, as well as talking about a survey that showed the difference between what students expect out of their teachers versus what they get from the experience.
Karp, Stan. "Taking Teacher Quality Seriously." N.p., Summer 2012. Web. 8 Sept. 2012. <http://www.mceanea.org/pdf/TQ.pdf>.
This article was written to explain the approach of the Montgomery County School system to teacher evaluation. Karp explains the different standards that the teachers are held to and provided a useful explanation as to the process of teacher development. He also reviews the reasons why standardized test scores of the students should not be the only data that teacher evaluations are based off of. There is much more to a teacher's abilities than how his/her students perform on a test. It was a useful article to seeing the reasoning behind certain approaches in their school system.
Kwan, Kam-Por. "How Fair are Student Ratings in Assessing the Teaching Performance of University Teachers?." Assessment and Evaluation In Higher Education. July 2006. Web. 25 October 2012.
This article examines the correlation between student ratings and the assessment of teachers. It shows how student ratings can be used to assess teachers but also states that they should not be used as the sole benefactor tool for assessing teachers. The ratings of students can vary for many different reasons and the teachers are not the one direct link that relate to the ratings or test scores of students. There are many other variables that can attribute to students ratings and tests scores, such as class sizes, course levels, type of courses, environmental factors, and disciplinary problems. The research in this article showed that there is a slight correlation between teacher effectiveness and student ratings.
Leigh, Andrew. “Estimating Teacher Effectiveness From Two-Year Changes in Students’ Test Scores”. Economics of Education Review. Australian National University, June 2010. Web. 16 October 2012.
This peer-reviewed article took a data set that covered over 10,000 schoolteachers and 90,000 pupils and used the test scores of students to see whether or not different teaching tactics would be able to raise the students test scores. The test scores of the students did show that where students had higher test scores were with teachers that were deemed more experienced and more enthusiastic in teaching their students. It also explains the difficulty in assuming that students test scores directly reflect on their teachers’ abilities because variance in children’s test scores is determined by many factors and not just teacher ability. The background of many students, including their lives at home, often times alter their test scores dramatically. It is not accurate to completely base the level of teacher productivity off of the test scores of their students.
Mirus, Rolf. “Some Implications of Student Evaluations of Teachers.” Journal of Economic Education, autumn 1973. Web. 13 October 2012.
This peer reviewed article looks at four different aspects of students evaluating their teachers and draws some valuable conclusions on the matter. It shines light on the not so positive aspects or unwanted influences that can come into play when students are assessing their teachers. This article was useful because it concluded some interesting points using a model. It found that there is a strong relationship between the grade students expected to get and their assessment of that teacher. It also showed that odd hour courses, required courses, and level of courses did not have an effect on the rating of a teacher. Lastly, the article looks at whether the type of material taught can affect a teachers’ evaluation, and this is all done using a statistical model.
Olwell, Russell. “Bad Tests, Good Outcomes: Help Students Meet Their Professional Goals.” History Teacher. Eastern Michigan University, Nov 2008. Web. 1 October 2012.
This peer reviewed article talks about how students test scores can tell a lot both about the students and the teachers. If a student has a bad test score that does not automatically mean that he or she has an inadequate teacher. There are many reasons students can score poorly on tests and it is not accurate to solely use the test scores of students to assess teachers’ levels of professionalism. Some students just have a very hard time in test-taking situations, regardless of who their teacher is. This article also mentions some ways that teachers can use test scores to better help their students. Teachers can view test scores as tools to see which students are struggling or which students may think in a different manner. Test scores can help both the teachers and students understand where they need to improve.
Rockoff, Jonah E. “The Impact of Individual Teachers on Student Achievement: Evidence From Panel Data”. American Economic Review. Harvard University, May 2004. Web. 17 October 2012.
This article suggests that teacher quality is directly related to the test scores of students and that increased teacher quality could lead to increased test scores of student. Test scores are widely recognized as important indicators of achievement for not only students, but for educators, policy makers, and the public. It is also not fair to assume that students test scores are the only indication of the quality of teachers because in different schools and different circumstances teachers are faced with different struggles which may not allow them to spend as much quality time with each student, which could in turn affect their test scores, although it is not the teacher’s fault. This article also correlates the teacher’s experience to the test scores of students. Generally, more experienced teachers produce an output of higher test scores. In the conclusion it does also touch on the fact that test scores do not capture all facts of student and teacher learning.
Role of Teacher Evaluation in Reforming Public Schools. Dir. AspenInstitute. YouTube. YouTube, 11 Sept. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JUrYwcd68E>.
The video discusses deeply the purpose for teacher assessment. It reveals to those who are uneducated on this subject, the reasoning behind having meaningful evaluation of teachers throughout the year. The Aspen Institute has studied ways in which these methods can have a vital impact on teachers improving upon their instructional methods. The main speaker reiterates the need for professional development following the evaluation of teachers because there is always room for improvement. There is a need for these meetings and classes in that they can greatly effect the education that the students are getting and also the overall educational health of the school and district.
Sawa, Rick. "Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices." Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices. SSTA Research Centre Report, 1995. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://saskschoolboards.ca/research/instruction/95-04.htm>.
The author describes the nature, purpose, and development process of teacher assessment. The review pulls from multiple resources and studies to prove the need for assessment. He also develops an argument for the ways in which teacher assessment is lacking. He proposes problems in which need to be fixed in order to achieve the progress we want in to see in teachers and schools as a whole. He poses suggestions for the future of teacher evaluation and how it can be improved through analysis and research of the present methods.
"Teacher Evaluation." Montgomery County Education Association. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012.
The author describes the approach that the Montgomery County Education Association has to evaluating teachers. The website gives information about the evaluation process and the main points that the principals look for. It also describes the way in which the school district supports the teachers who are performing below the standard that needs to be met. It was useful to use this as a specific example of how a school district assesses their teachers and how they develop them the longer they stay in the school district.
"The Danielson Group." Charlotte Danielson. The Danielson Group, 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.danielsongroup.org/article.aspx?page=charlotte>.
This website provided a lot of background information over Charlotte Danielson, her accomplishments, her framework, and the group she has created to improve the quality of teachers world wide. Through this webpage I gathered information about the framework that she designed that is changing the global face of the education system. The mission statement of the group is clearly outlined and the services they provide are highlighted. this website is a good representation over how her meticulously designed framework is being implemented in society today and how it is changing the educational system.
"The Danielson Collection." The Charlotte Danielson Collection for Enhancing
Professional Practice -. Learning Sciences International, 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.iobservation.com/danielson-collection/>.
This article gives a lot of background information about the basis for Charlotte Danielson's framework. An informational video is provided that lists Charlotte's previous careers and her accomplishments as an educator that make her so qualified to fill her position as a director of education for state schools and some schools internationally. this article and the website lay out the foundation behind her framework and is a clear understanding of exactly what it does.
U.S. Must Standardize Teacher Evaluation Systems. Dir. BrookingsInstitution. YouTube. YouTube, 26 Apr. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p5YpIDLOYM>.
The video first discusses the harm that bad teachers can have on students within their classroom. It also highlights the impact that meaningful evaluations can have on both teachers’ quality of instruction and the results it has on their student’s growth throughout the year. It also covers the problem that has been in the education system for a number of years now, which is how, can we try to compare all of these teacher evaluations from all over the country when each district uses a different evaluation method. It then discusses the struggle to reward good teachers when the methods they are using are not reliable enough to use as comparisons.